MHRA Style Citation Demonstration
Click cover to enlarge | According to the MHRA Style Guide, this item should be cited in a bibliography as follows: Russell, John, review of Akhmed Zakaev, Subjugate or Exterminate! A Memoir of Russia's Wars in Chechnya by Akhmed Zakaev, and: Russia, Chechnya, and the West, 2000–2006, in Slavonic and East European Review, 100.4 (2023), pp. 789–92, doi: This is how standard MHRA style would look. Some of its book series (notably Legenda) allow an alternative citation system called 'author-date', but please talk to your editor before using it. (To see the demonstration for author-date, follow this link.) Let's take this bibliography entry one step at a time: Step 1. We start with the name(s) of the author(s) of the article, inverting the first name into the form 'Forename, Surname'. Russell, John Step 2. This is regular MHRA style, so the name's followed by a comma. Russell, John, Step 3. Now we add the title, in single inverted commas. Any single quotation marks already in the title must be converted to doubles. Russell, John, review of Akhmed Zakaev, Subjugate or Exterminate! A Memoir of Russia's Wars in Chechnya by Akhmed Zakaev, and: Russia, Chechnya, and the West, 2000–2006 Step 4. We have to say where this comes from, so: Russell, John, review of Akhmed Zakaev, Subjugate or Exterminate! A Memoir of Russia's Wars in Chechnya by Akhmed Zakaev, and: Russia, Chechnya, and the West, 2000–2006, in Step 5. Next we identify where the article is to be found, using italics, not quotation marks, for the volume title. Russell, John, review of Akhmed Zakaev, Subjugate or Exterminate! A Memoir of Russia's Wars in Chechnya by Akhmed Zakaev, and: Russia, Chechnya, and the West, 2000–2006, in Slavonic and East European Review, 100.4 Step 6. Since this is a journal, no need for place of publication or publisher, only the year. Russell, John, review of Akhmed Zakaev, Subjugate or Exterminate! A Memoir of Russia's Wars in Chechnya by Akhmed Zakaev, and: Russia, Chechnya, and the West, 2000–2006, in Slavonic and East European Review, 100.4 (2023) Step 7. Now the pagination. And we use 'p.' or 'pp.' as appropriate. Journal articles used to omit 'pp.' in MHRA Style, but the Fourth Edition Guide (2024) removes this exception, so now page ranges in journals are treated just the same as in books. Number ranges are elided in the last two digits: thus '2234-2265' should be '2234-65', and '102-109' should be '102-09'. Russell, John, review of Akhmed Zakaev, Subjugate or Exterminate! A Memoir of Russia's Wars in Chechnya by Akhmed Zakaev, and: Russia, Chechnya, and the West, 2000–2006, in Slavonic and East European Review, 100.4 (2023), pp. 789–92 Step 8. This contribution has a DOI, so the Fourth Edition Guide (2024) requires us to quote it, like so. Russell, John, review of Akhmed Zakaev, Subjugate or Exterminate! A Memoir of Russia's Wars in Chechnya by Akhmed Zakaev, and: Russia, Chechnya, and the West, 2000–2006, in Slavonic and East European Review, 100.4 (2023), pp. 789–92, doi: And that's the finished bibliography entry. Note that there's no final full stop. So how about citations in footnotes or endnotes? In standard MHRA style, the first time the work is cited in a note, it should be cited in full. This looks very like a Bibliography entry, but:
Suppose we want to cite a passage on pages 24 to 27: 34 See John Russell, review of Akhmed Zakaev, Subjugate or Exterminate! A Memoir of Russia's Wars in Chechnya by Akhmed Zakaev, and: Russia, Chechnya, and the West, 2000–2006, in Slavonic and East European Review, 100.4 (2023), pp. 789–92, doi:, pp. 24-27. But in any subsequent notes, a heavily abbreviated form is used: 37 Compare Russell, p. 17. |