MHRA Style Citation Demonstration
Click cover to enlarge | According to the MHRA Style Guide, this item should be cited in a bibliography as follows: Schaffner, Anna Katharina, ‘"Wenn Es Heimat Gibt, Dann Liegt Sie in Der Sprache": Frank Schulz's Hagener Trilogie (1991–2006)’, in Modern Language Review, 105.3 (2010), pp. 777–94, doi:10.2307/25698808 This is how standard MHRA style would look. Some of its book series (notably Legenda) allow an alternative citation system called 'author-date', but please talk to your editor before using it. (To see the demonstration for author-date, follow this link.) Let's take this bibliography entry one step at a time: Step 1. We start with the name(s) of the author(s) of the article, inverting the first name into the form 'Forename, Surname'. Schaffner, Anna Katharina Step 2. This is regular MHRA style, so the name's followed by a comma. Schaffner, Anna Katharina, Step 3. Now we add the title, in single inverted commas. Any single quotation marks already in the title must be converted to doubles. Schaffner, Anna Katharina, ‘"Wenn Es Heimat Gibt, Dann Liegt Sie in Der Sprache": Frank Schulz's Hagener Trilogie (1991–2006)’ Step 4. We have to say where this comes from, so: Schaffner, Anna Katharina, ‘"Wenn Es Heimat Gibt, Dann Liegt Sie in Der Sprache": Frank Schulz's Hagener Trilogie (1991–2006)’, in Step 5. Next we identify where the article is to be found, using italics, not quotation marks, for the volume title. Schaffner, Anna Katharina, ‘"Wenn Es Heimat Gibt, Dann Liegt Sie in Der Sprache": Frank Schulz's Hagener Trilogie (1991–2006)’, in Modern Language Review, 105.3 Step 6. Since this is a journal, no need for place of publication or publisher, only the year. Schaffner, Anna Katharina, ‘"Wenn Es Heimat Gibt, Dann Liegt Sie in Der Sprache": Frank Schulz's Hagener Trilogie (1991–2006)’, in Modern Language Review, 105.3 (2010) Step 7. Now the pagination. And we use 'p.' or 'pp.' as appropriate. Journal articles used to omit 'pp.' in MHRA Style, but the Fourth Edition Guide (2024) removes this exception, so now page ranges in journals are treated just the same as in books. Number ranges are elided in the last two digits: thus '2234-2265' should be '2234-65', and '102-109' should be '102-09'. Schaffner, Anna Katharina, ‘"Wenn Es Heimat Gibt, Dann Liegt Sie in Der Sprache": Frank Schulz's Hagener Trilogie (1991–2006)’, in Modern Language Review, 105.3 (2010), pp. 777–94 Step 8. This contribution has a DOI, so the Fourth Edition Guide (2024) requires us to quote it, like so. Schaffner, Anna Katharina, ‘"Wenn Es Heimat Gibt, Dann Liegt Sie in Der Sprache": Frank Schulz's Hagener Trilogie (1991–2006)’, in Modern Language Review, 105.3 (2010), pp. 777–94, doi:10.2307/25698808 And that's the finished bibliography entry. Note that there's no final full stop. So how about citations in footnotes or endnotes? In standard MHRA style, the first time the work is cited in a note, it should be cited in full. This looks very like a Bibliography entry, but:
Suppose we want to cite a passage on pages 24 to 27: 34 See Anna Katharina Schaffner, ‘"Wenn Es Heimat Gibt, Dann Liegt Sie in Der Sprache": Frank Schulz's Hagener Trilogie (1991–2006)’, in Modern Language Review, 105.3 (2010), pp. 777–94, doi:10.2307/25698808, pp. 24-27. But in any subsequent notes, a heavily abbreviated form is used: 37 Compare Schaffner, p. 17. |