According to the MHRA Style Guide, this item should be cited in a bibliography as follows:

Darelli, Virgil, ‘Licensing Policy and the Urban-Rural Distribution of Movie Theatres in Italy: The Case of Brescia’, in Film Exhibition: The Italian Context, ed. by Damien Pollard and Edward Bowen, Moving Image, 16 (Legenda, 2024), doi:

This is how standard MHRA style would look. Some of its book series (notably Legenda) allow an alternative citation system called 'author-date', but please talk to your editor before using it. (To see the demonstration for author-date, follow this link.)

Let's take this bibliography entry one step at a time:

Step 1. We start with the name(s) of the author(s) of the article, inverting the first name into the form 'Forename, Surname'.

Darelli, Virgil

Step 2. This is regular MHRA style, so the name's followed by a comma.

Darelli, Virgil,

Step 3. Now we add the title, in single inverted commas. Any single quotation marks already in the title must be converted to doubles.

Darelli, Virgil, ‘Licensing Policy and the Urban-Rural Distribution of Movie Theatres in Italy: The Case of Brescia’

Step 4. We have to say where this comes from, so:

Darelli, Virgil, ‘Licensing Policy and the Urban-Rural Distribution of Movie Theatres in Italy: The Case of Brescia’, in

Step 5. Next we identify where the article is to be found, using italics, not quotation marks, for the volume title.

Darelli, Virgil, ‘Licensing Policy and the Urban-Rural Distribution of Movie Theatres in Italy: The Case of Brescia’, in Film Exhibition: The Italian Context

Step 6. After the title come any editors or translators. It's 'ed. by', not 'ed by', because although 'ed.' abbreviates 'edited', we regard the 'd' as the second letter of 'edited', not the last: so the abbreviation doesn't contain the last letter, and thus must have a full stop '.'

Darelli, Virgil, ‘Licensing Policy and the Urban-Rural Distribution of Movie Theatres in Italy: The Case of Brescia’, in Film Exhibition: The Italian Context, ed. by Damien Pollard and Edward Bowen

Step 7. This book belongs to a series, so we'll name that. If the series is numbered, we give the number, too. No italics, no quotation marks in the series name.

Darelli, Virgil, ‘Licensing Policy and the Urban-Rural Distribution of Movie Theatres in Italy: The Case of Brescia’, in Film Exhibition: The Italian Context, ed. by Damien Pollard and Edward Bowen, Moving Image, 16

Step 8. Since this is a book, not a journal issue, we have to identify its source, in round brackets. Until 2024, MHRA style required a place of publication - for example, New York or Oxford. This is no longer given except in special circumstances.

Darelli, Virgil, ‘Licensing Policy and the Urban-Rural Distribution of Movie Theatres in Italy: The Case of Brescia’, in Film Exhibition: The Italian Context, ed. by Damien Pollard and Edward Bowen, Moving Image, 16 (

Step 9. Now a colon, a space, and the publisher's name. Here that's Legenda because this is the imprint name under which the book is published, even though Legenda is not strictly speaking a company. To decide these things, one must look at the exact wording of the preliminary pages. Our preference is for Legenda books to be cited as 'Legenda', and we word our preliminaries with that aim.

Darelli, Virgil, ‘Licensing Policy and the Urban-Rural Distribution of Movie Theatres in Italy: The Case of Brescia’, in Film Exhibition: The Italian Context, ed. by Damien Pollard and Edward Bowen, Moving Image, 16 (Legenda

Step 10. Then the year of first publication, and we're done with the bracketed part.

Darelli, Virgil, ‘Licensing Policy and the Urban-Rural Distribution of Movie Theatres in Italy: The Case of Brescia’, in Film Exhibition: The Italian Context, ed. by Damien Pollard and Edward Bowen, Moving Image, 16 (Legenda, 2024)

Step 11. This contribution has a DOI, so the Fourth Edition Guide (2024) requires us to quote it, like so.

Darelli, Virgil, ‘Licensing Policy and the Urban-Rural Distribution of Movie Theatres in Italy: The Case of Brescia’, in Film Exhibition: The Italian Context, ed. by Damien Pollard and Edward Bowen, Moving Image, 16 (Legenda, 2024), doi:

And that's the finished bibliography entry. Note that there's no final full stop.

So how about citations in footnotes or endnotes?

In standard MHRA style, the first time the work is cited in a note, it should be cited in full. This looks very like a Bibliography entry, but:

• The author's name doesn't always come first: only for monographs. For collections and editions, the title comes first.
• Even if the author's name does come first, it's back to being the right way round, so it's Forename Surname, not Surname, Forename;
• Unlike Bibliography entries, notes are punctuated as sentences, and usually end in full stops.

Suppose we want to cite a passage on pages 24 to 27:

³⁴ See Virgil Darelli, ‘Licensing Policy and the Urban-Rural Distribution of Movie Theatres in Italy: The Case of Brescia’, in Film Exhibition: The Italian Context, ed. by Damien Pollard and Edward Bowen, Moving Image, 16 (Legenda, 2024), doi:, pp. 24-27.

But in any subsequent notes, a heavily abbreviated form is used:

³⁷ Compare Darelli, p. 17.