MHRA Style Citation Demonstration
Click cover to enlarge | According to the MHRA Style Guide, this item should be cited in a bibliography as follows: Pfersmann, Otto, ‘Legal Revolutions as Fictions: Do they Change the World?’, in Can Fiction Change the World?, ed. by Alison James, Akihiro Kubo, and Françoise Lavocat, Transcript, 29 (Legenda, 2023), pp. 191–202, doi:10.2307/jj.667666.19 This is how standard MHRA style would look. Some of its book series (notably Legenda) allow an alternative citation system called 'author-date', but please talk to your editor before using it. (To see the demonstration for author-date, follow this link.) Let's take this bibliography entry one step at a time: Step 1. We start with the name(s) of the author(s) of the article, inverting the first name into the form 'Forename, Surname'. Pfersmann, Otto Step 2. This is regular MHRA style, so the name's followed by a comma. Pfersmann, Otto, Step 3. Now we add the title, in single inverted commas. Any single quotation marks already in the title must be converted to doubles. Pfersmann, Otto, ‘Legal Revolutions as Fictions: Do they Change the World?’ Step 4. We have to say where this comes from, so: Pfersmann, Otto, ‘Legal Revolutions as Fictions: Do they Change the World?’, in Step 5. Next we identify where the article is to be found, using italics, not quotation marks, for the volume title. Pfersmann, Otto, ‘Legal Revolutions as Fictions: Do they Change the World?’, in Can Fiction Change the World? Step 6. After the title come any editors or translators. It's 'ed. by', not 'ed by', because although 'ed.' abbreviates 'edited', we regard the 'd' as the second letter of 'edited', not the last: so the abbreviation doesn't contain the last letter, and thus must have a full stop '.' Pfersmann, Otto, ‘Legal Revolutions as Fictions: Do they Change the World?’, in Can Fiction Change the World?, ed. by Alison James, Akihiro Kubo, and Françoise Lavocat Step 7. This book belongs to a series, so we'll name that. If the series is numbered, we give the number, too. No italics, no quotation marks in the series name. Pfersmann, Otto, ‘Legal Revolutions as Fictions: Do they Change the World?’, in Can Fiction Change the World?, ed. by Alison James, Akihiro Kubo, and Françoise Lavocat, Transcript, 29 Step 8. Since this is a book, not a journal issue, we have to identify its source, in round brackets. Until 2024, MHRA style required a place of publication - for example, New York or Oxford. This is no longer given except in special circumstances. Pfersmann, Otto, ‘Legal Revolutions as Fictions: Do they Change the World?’, in Can Fiction Change the World?, ed. by Alison James, Akihiro Kubo, and Françoise Lavocat, Transcript, 29 ( Step 9. Now a colon, a space, and the publisher's name. Here that's Legenda because this is the imprint name under which the book is published, even though Legenda is not strictly speaking a company. To decide these things, one must look at the exact wording of the preliminary pages. Our preference is for Legenda books to be cited as 'Legenda', and we word our preliminaries with that aim. Pfersmann, Otto, ‘Legal Revolutions as Fictions: Do they Change the World?’, in Can Fiction Change the World?, ed. by Alison James, Akihiro Kubo, and Françoise Lavocat, Transcript, 29 (Legenda Step 10. Then the year of first publication, and we're done with the bracketed part. Pfersmann, Otto, ‘Legal Revolutions as Fictions: Do they Change the World?’, in Can Fiction Change the World?, ed. by Alison James, Akihiro Kubo, and Françoise Lavocat, Transcript, 29 (Legenda, 2023) Step 11. Now the pagination. And we use 'p.' or 'pp.' as appropriate. Number ranges are elided in the last two digits: thus '2234-2265' should be '2234-65', and '102-109' should be '102-09'. Pfersmann, Otto, ‘Legal Revolutions as Fictions: Do they Change the World?’, in Can Fiction Change the World?, ed. by Alison James, Akihiro Kubo, and Françoise Lavocat, Transcript, 29 (Legenda, 2023), pp. 191–202 Step 12. This contribution has a DOI, so the Fourth Edition Guide (2024) requires us to quote it, like so. Pfersmann, Otto, ‘Legal Revolutions as Fictions: Do they Change the World?’, in Can Fiction Change the World?, ed. by Alison James, Akihiro Kubo, and Françoise Lavocat, Transcript, 29 (Legenda, 2023), pp. 191–202, doi:10.2307/jj.667666.19 And that's the finished bibliography entry. Note that there's no final full stop. So how about citations in footnotes or endnotes? In standard MHRA style, the first time the work is cited in a note, it should be cited in full. This looks very like a Bibliography entry, but:
Suppose we want to cite a passage on pages 24 to 27: 34 See Otto Pfersmann, ‘Legal Revolutions as Fictions: Do they Change the World?’, in Can Fiction Change the World?, ed. by Alison James, Akihiro Kubo, and Françoise Lavocat, Transcript, 29 (Legenda, 2023), pp. 191–202, doi:10.2307/jj.667666.19, pp. 24-27. But in any subsequent notes, a heavily abbreviated form is used: 37 Compare Pfersmann, p. 17. |