Until recently, the story of African film was marked by a series of truncated histories: many outstanding films from earlier decades were virtually inaccessible and thus often excluded from critical accounts. However, various conservation projects since the turn of the century have now begun to make many of these films available to critics and audiences in a way that was unimaginable just a decade ago. In this accessible and lively collection of essays, Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy draw together the best scholarship on the diverse and fragmented strands of African film history. Their volume recovers over 30 'lost' African classic films from 1920-2000 in order to provide a more complex genealogy and begin to trace new histories of African filmmaking: from 1920s Egyptian melodramas through lost gems from apartheid South Africa to neglected works by great Francophone directors, the full diversity of African cinema will be revealed.
Mark Cousins writes: The book is a winning product of the centrifugal imagination; it is edited and written by people who are determined to find out more, to challenge other and themselves, to uncover. Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy are pathfinders and explorers.
Lizelle Bisschoff is a Lord Kelvin Adam Smith Research Fellow in Film and Television Studies at the University of Glasgow. David Murphy is Professor of French and Postcolonial Studies at the University of Stirling.
Reviews:
‘This is a well-written book that draws attention to those African films and filmmakers that have suffered most from a lack of distribution. Its mission, to renew scholarly and popular interest in African cinema, makes it an invaluable addition to the field of film studies.’ — unsigned notice, Forum for Modern Language Studies 51.3, July 2015
‘Much of the work of this volume is archaeological, seeking to surpass extant Anglophone knowledge of African film and its premises. Since the emergence of African film criticism in the late 1980s/early 1990s... ‘African cinema’ seemed to refer to sub-Saharan, Francophone film, leaving us the impression that it was born in 1962 with Ousmane Sembène’s Borom Sarret. These essays dispel that misprision.’ — Victoria S. Steinberg, French Review 89.3, 2016, 15
Cousins, Mark, ‘Foreword: If I’m Wrong, I’m Right’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. xv–xvi
First footnote reference:35 Mark Cousins, ‘Foreword: If I’m Wrong, I’m Right’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. xv–xvi, p. 21.
Cousins, Mark. 2014. ‘Foreword: If I’m Wrong, I’m Right’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. xv–xvi
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Cousins 2014: 21).
Bisschoff, Lizelle, and Murphy, David, ‘Introduction: Revising the Classics: Opening Up the Archives of African Cinema’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 1–22
First footnote reference:35 Lizelle Bisschoff, David Murphy, ‘Introduction: Revising the Classics: Opening Up the Archives of African Cinema’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 1–22, p. 21.
Subsequent footnote reference:37 Bisschoff and Murphy, p. 47.
Bisschoff, Lizelle, and Murphy, David. 2014. ‘Introduction: Revising the Classics: Opening Up the Archives of African Cinema’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 1–22
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Bisschoff and Murphy 2014: 21).
Example footnote reference:35 Bisschoff and Murphy 2014: 21.
Mejri, Ouissal, ‘The Birth of North African Cinema’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 24–34
First footnote reference:35 Ouissal Mejri, ‘The Birth of North African Cinema’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 24–34, p. 21.
Mejri, Ouissal. 2014. ‘The Birth of North African Cinema’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 24–34
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Mejri 2014: 21).
Maingard, Jacqueline, ‘“Lost Classics” in Context: Film Production in South Africa, 1920–1960’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 35–49
First footnote reference:35 Jacqueline Maingard, ‘“Lost Classics” in Context: Film Production in South Africa, 1920–1960’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 35–49, p. 21.
Maingard, Jacqueline. 2014. ‘“Lost Classics” in Context: Film Production in South Africa, 1920–1960’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 35–49
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Maingard 2014: 21).
Murphy, David, ‘Francophone West African Cinema, 1955–1969: False starts and new beginnings’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 50–62
First footnote reference:35 David Murphy, ‘Francophone West African Cinema, 1955–1969: False starts and new beginnings’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 50–62, p. 21.
Murphy, David. 2014. ‘Francophone West African Cinema, 1955–1969: False starts and new beginnings’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 50–62
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Murphy 2014: 21).
Peer, Stefanie Van de, ‘Forgotten Women, Lost Histories: Selma Baccar’s Fatma 75 (1978) and Assia Djebar’s La Nouba des femmes du Mont Chenoua (1978)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 64–71
First footnote reference:35 Stefanie Van de Peer, ‘Forgotten Women, Lost Histories: Selma Baccar’s Fatma 75 (1978) and Assia Djebar’s La Nouba des femmes du Mont Chenoua (1978)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 64–71, p. 21.
Peer, Stefanie Van de. 2014. ‘Forgotten Women, Lost Histories: Selma Baccar’s Fatma 75 (1978) and Assia Djebar’s La Nouba des femmes du Mont Chenoua (1978)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 64–71
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Peer 2014: 21).
Bahmad, Jamal, ‘Naked Nation: Youth, Masculinity, and the Coming Revolution in Man of Ashes (Nouri Bouzid, 1986)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 72–77
First footnote reference:35 Jamal Bahmad, ‘Naked Nation: Youth, Masculinity, and the Coming Revolution in Man of Ashes (Nouri Bouzid, 1986)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 72–77, p. 21.
Bahmad, Jamal. 2014. ‘Naked Nation: Youth, Masculinity, and the Coming Revolution in Man of Ashes (Nouri Bouzid, 1986)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 72–77
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Bahmad 2014: 21).
Bahmad, Jamal, ‘Postcolonialism at Sea: The Tragic Ends of History in Badis (Mohamed A. Tazi, 1989)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 78–82
First footnote reference:35 Jamal Bahmad, ‘Postcolonialism at Sea: The Tragic Ends of History in Badis (Mohamed A. Tazi, 1989)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 78–82, p. 21.
Bahmad, Jamal. 2014. ‘Postcolonialism at Sea: The Tragic Ends of History in Badis (Mohamed A. Tazi, 1989)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 78–82
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Bahmad 2014: 21).
Williams, Patrick, ‘Al Masir/Destiny (Youssef Chahine, 1997): “a luta continua”’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 83–88
First footnote reference:35 Patrick Williams, ‘Al Masir/Destiny (Youssef Chahine, 1997): “a luta continua”’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 83–88, p. 21.
Williams, Patrick. 2014. ‘Al Masir/Destiny (Youssef Chahine, 1997): “a luta continua”’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 83–88
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Williams 2014: 21).
Marx, Lesley, ‘Jannie Totsiens (Jans Rautenbach, 1970): Of Love, Loss, and Lunacy’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 90–95
First footnote reference:35 Lesley Marx, ‘Jannie Totsiens (Jans Rautenbach, 1970): Of Love, Loss, and Lunacy’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 90–95, p. 21.
Marx, Lesley. 2014. ‘Jannie Totsiens (Jans Rautenbach, 1970): Of Love, Loss, and Lunacy’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 90–95
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Marx 2014: 21).
Marx, Lesley, ‘Boesman and Lena (Ross Devenish, 1973): The Politics of Place and Performance’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 96–101
First footnote reference:35 Lesley Marx, ‘Boesman and Lena (Ross Devenish, 1973): The Politics of Place and Performance’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 96–101, p. 21.
Marx, Lesley. 2014. ‘Boesman and Lena (Ross Devenish, 1973): The Politics of Place and Performance’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 96–101
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Marx 2014: 21).
Rijsdijk, Ian-Malcolm, ‘The Stick (Darrell Roodt, 1987): A Mental State’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 102–06
First footnote reference:35 Ian-Malcolm Rijsdijk, ‘The Stick (Darrell Roodt, 1987): A Mental State’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 102–06, p. 21.
Rijsdijk, Ian-Malcolm. 2014. ‘The Stick (Darrell Roodt, 1987): A Mental State’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 102–06
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Rijsdijk 2014: 21).
Dovey, Lindiwe, ‘Fools (Ramadan Suleman, 1997): or, the importance of being able to tell “messy” stories at the “wrong” time’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 107–12
First footnote reference:35 Lindiwe Dovey, ‘Fools (Ramadan Suleman, 1997): or, the importance of being able to tell “messy” stories at the “wrong” time’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 107–12, p. 21.
Dovey, Lindiwe. 2014. ‘Fools (Ramadan Suleman, 1997): or, the importance of being able to tell “messy” stories at the “wrong” time’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 107–12
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Dovey 2014: 21).
Niang, Sada, ‘Toads and Cowboys: Tracing a Popular African Cinema in Moustapha Alassane’s Le Retour d’un aventurier (1966) and Bon Voyage Sim (1966)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 114–19
First footnote reference:35 Sada Niang, ‘Toads and Cowboys: Tracing a Popular African Cinema in Moustapha Alassane’s Le Retour d’un aventurier (1966) and Bon Voyage Sim (1966)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 114–19, p. 21.
Niang, Sada. 2014. ‘Toads and Cowboys: Tracing a Popular African Cinema in Moustapha Alassane’s Le Retour d’un aventurier (1966) and Bon Voyage Sim (1966)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 114–19
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Niang 2014: 21).
Williams, Patrick, ‘Soleil O (Med Hondo, 1967): “They cannot represent themselves . . .”’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 120–25
First footnote reference:35 Patrick Williams, ‘Soleil O (Med Hondo, 1967): “They cannot represent themselves . . .”’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 120–25, p. 21.
Williams, Patrick. 2014. ‘Soleil O (Med Hondo, 1967): “They cannot represent themselves . . .”’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 120–25
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Williams 2014: 21).
Niang, Sada, ‘Badou Boy (Djibril Diop Mambéty, 1970): Intertextuality, Gangster Movies, and the Language of African Film’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 126–32
First footnote reference:35 Sada Niang, ‘Badou Boy (Djibril Diop Mambéty, 1970): Intertextuality, Gangster Movies, and the Language of African Film’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 126–32, p. 21.
Niang, Sada. 2014. ‘Badou Boy (Djibril Diop Mambéty, 1970): Intertextuality, Gangster Movies, and the Language of African Film’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 126–32
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Niang 2014: 21).
Tcheuyap, Alexie, ‘Cinema and Nation-Building: Muna Moto (Jean-Pierre Dikongué-Pipa, 1975)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 133–38
First footnote reference:35 Alexie Tcheuyap, ‘Cinema and Nation-Building: Muna Moto (Jean-Pierre Dikongué-Pipa, 1975)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 133–38, p. 21.
Tcheuyap, Alexie. 2014. ‘Cinema and Nation-Building: Muna Moto (Jean-Pierre Dikongué-Pipa, 1975)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 133–38
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Tcheuyap 2014: 21).
Fisher, Alexander, ‘Aristotle’s Plot (Jean-Pierre Bekolo, 1997): A refusal to “find” African cinema?’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 139–44
First footnote reference:35 Alexander Fisher, ‘Aristotle’s Plot (Jean-Pierre Bekolo, 1997): A refusal to “find” African cinema?’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 139–44, p. 21.
Fisher, Alexander. 2014. ‘Aristotle’s Plot (Jean-Pierre Bekolo, 1997): A refusal to “find” African cinema?’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 139–44
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Fisher 2014: 21).
Okome, Onookome, ‘Heritage Africa (Kwaw Ansah, 1983): A Cinema of Political Violence’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 146–51
First footnote reference:35 Onookome Okome, ‘Heritage Africa (Kwaw Ansah, 1983): A Cinema of Political Violence’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 146–51, p. 21.
Okome, Onookome. 2014. ‘Heritage Africa (Kwaw Ansah, 1983): A Cinema of Political Violence’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 146–51
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Okome 2014: 21).
Okome, Onookome, ‘A Nollywood Classic: Living in Bondage (Kenneth Nnebue, 1992/1993)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 152–60
First footnote reference:35 Onookome Okome, ‘A Nollywood Classic: Living in Bondage (Kenneth Nnebue, 1992/1993)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 152–60, p. 21.
Okome, Onookome. 2014. ‘A Nollywood Classic: Living in Bondage (Kenneth Nnebue, 1992/1993)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 152–60
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Okome 2014: 21).
Murphy, David, ‘Lost in Music? Race, Culture, and Identity in Rage (Newton I. Aduaka, 2000)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 161–66
First footnote reference:35 David Murphy, ‘Lost in Music? Race, Culture, and Identity in Rage (Newton I. Aduaka, 2000)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 161–66, p. 21.
Murphy, David. 2014. ‘Lost in Music? Race, Culture, and Identity in Rage (Newton I. Aduaka, 2000)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 161–66
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Murphy 2014: 21).
Schefer, Raquel, ‘The Birth of Fiction: On Mueda, Memória e Massacre (Ruy Guerra, 1979)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 168–73
First footnote reference:35 Raquel Schefer, ‘The Birth of Fiction: On Mueda, Memória e Massacre (Ruy Guerra, 1979)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 168–73, p. 21.
Schefer, Raquel. 2014. ‘The Birth of Fiction: On Mueda, Memória e Massacre (Ruy Guerra, 1979)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 168–73
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Schefer 2014: 21).
Williams, Patrick, ‘Udju Azul di Yonta/The Blue Eyes of Yonta (Flora Gomes, 1992): Lost Dreams/Lost in Dreams?’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 174–80
First footnote reference:35 Patrick Williams, ‘Udju Azul di Yonta/The Blue Eyes of Yonta (Flora Gomes, 1992): Lost Dreams/Lost in Dreams?’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 174–80, p. 21.
Williams, Patrick. 2014. ‘Udju Azul di Yonta/The Blue Eyes of Yonta (Flora Gomes, 1992): Lost Dreams/Lost in Dreams?’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 174–80
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Williams 2014: 21).
Thomas, Michael W., ‘Harvest 3000 Years/Mïrt Sost Shi Amät (Haile Gerima, 1976): A Revolutionary Ethiopian Film’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 182–89
First footnote reference:35 Michael W. Thomas, ‘Harvest 3000 Years/Mïrt Sost Shi Amät (Haile Gerima, 1976): A Revolutionary Ethiopian Film’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 182–89, p. 21.
Thomas, Michael W.. 2014. ‘Harvest 3000 Years/Mïrt Sost Shi Amät (Haile Gerima, 1976): A Revolutionary Ethiopian Film’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 182–89
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Thomas 2014: 21).
Bisschoff, Lizelle, ‘Women’s Stories and Struggles in These Hands (Flora M’mbugu-Schelling, 1992)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 190–94
First footnote reference:35 Lizelle Bisschoff, ‘Women’s Stories and Struggles in These Hands (Flora M’mbugu-Schelling, 1992)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), pp. 190–94, p. 21.
Subsequent footnote reference:37 Bisschoff, p. 47.
Bisschoff, Lizelle. 2014. ‘Women’s Stories and Struggles in These Hands (Flora M’mbugu-Schelling, 1992)’, in Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda), pp. 190–94
Example citation: ‘A quotation occurring on page 21 of this work’ (Bisschoff 2014: 21).
Bisschoff, Lizelle, and David Murphy (eds), Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014)
First footnote reference:35Africa's Lost Classics: New Histories of African Cinema, ed. by Lizelle Bisschoff and David Murphy, Moving Image, 5 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2014), p. 21.
Subsequent footnote reference:37 Bisschoff and Murphy, p. 47.
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